Importance of plantation agriculture

Plantation, a usually large estate in a tropical or subtropical region that is cultivated by unskilled or semiskilled labour under central direction. Estate farming is an outstanding feature of plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture includes trees and shrubs which are sown to reap benefits for a duration longer than 23 years. Pdf plantation agriculture in the tropics environmental. The impact of plantation on the economy of cuba article shared by cuba plantation is a large farm or estate, usually in a tropical or subtropical country, where crops are grown for sale in distant markets, rather than for local consumption. Question1 what is the importance of agriculture in indian economy. This farming industry occupies approximately two lots of land. Plantations typically ranged from approximately 500 to 1,000 or more acres of land and produced one or two cropsand sometimes livestockfor sale. I was shockd at the first appearance of human flesh for sale. The plantation system developed in the american south as the british colonists arrived in virginia and divided the land into large areas suitable for farming. What is the importance of plantation agriculture in kerala.

Agriculture cbse class 10 sst geography extra questions agriculture ncert class 10 sst geography extra questions according to new cbse exam pattern, mcq questions for class 10 social science with answers carries 20 marks. It is a large enterprise with sound infrastructure, where profit is the sole objective. Because the economy of the south depended on the cultivation of crops, the need for agricultural labor led to the establishment of slavery. Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where crops are grown for profit. Some of the functions of a tree agriculture system include. A plantation is the largescale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. Plantations are important because they sell crops that people needed such as sugar and tobacco and things like that which were mainly grown on plantations. Plantations and farm forestry present an opportunity to increase australias longterm wood supply while contributing significant social, economic and environmental benefits to regional australia. The plantation agriculture of intensive subsistence farming was introduced by the europeans in colonies located in the tropics. Social and environmental implications of plantation. Brazilian agriculture is also well diversified, and hence the country would be largely selfsufficient in food. Rubber, tea, coffee, spices, coconut and fruits are some of the important crops which come under the category of plantation agriculture. Plantation agriculture is an exportoriented specialized farming method where the emphasis is given to raise a single crop especially meant for export to the overseas countries.

India is leading in the total production of certain plantation crops in the world. Hence, in plantation countries like indonesia, malaysia and some parts of india, plantation farming has become one of the main causes of deforestation. Therefore, africa seemed the obvious place to go for labour for the sugar plantations. Plantation agriculture is an important form of landuse in the tropics and in many countries the area under plantation crops has expanded rapidly in the past. Agriculture plays a crucial role in the life of an economy. Peasant farming is firstly defined as the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals on a small scale. In antebellum alabama, the primary crop on such plantations. From fruits to nuts to edible leaves and shoots to mushrooms, there are a number of food products that trees can provide. This plantation economy shaped much of the new world.

This painting by an unknown artist depicts fields for cultivating cash crops, a ship for exporting goods, and a large mansion, but enslaved laborers are notably absent from this representation of plantation life. What is the importance of agriculture for our country. Plantation crops were determined by soil and climate, with tobacco, cotton, rice, indigo, and sugarcane, for example, each predominating in a certain zone of the southeastern colonies of north america. As john pinney, a plantation owner on the caribbean island of nevis, wrote in a letter of the 1760s. Reduced marginal gross domestic products from agriculture. Coconut, cashewnut, cocoa, arecanut, oil palm and palm yrah come under ministry of agriculture while tea, coffee and rubber are dealt by. Plantations were largescale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantati. Despite largescale plantations in the tropics, smallholdings have consistently formed the backbone of rural economies, to the extent that they have become the main producers of some of the former plantation crops.

Peasant farming is very importance in agriculture based world, andradye. This is a type of agriculture which involves growing and processing of a single cash crop purely meant for sale. Plantation agriculture devalues biodiversity almost to existence. Agriculture not only provides food and raw material but also employment opportunities to a very large proportion of population. Half of brazil is covered by forests, with the largest rain forest in the world located in the amazon basin. Dogtrot cabin at belle mont plantation plantation agriculture was a form of largescale farming that was most prevalent during the colonial and antebellum periods of american history. The crops that are grown include cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil seeds, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees, and forest trees.

Plantation agriculture as mentioned above was introduced by the europeans in colonies situated in the tropics. Plantation farming emerged as a largescale system of specialized agriculture in the tropics under european colonialism, in opposition to smallholding subsistence agriculture. Plantation agriculture is an exportoriented specialised farming method where emphasis is given to raise a single crop specially meant for export to the overseas countries. Plantation agriculture is more than 400 years old and contributes to the regional and national economies in many tropical countries.

Lecture 2 scope and economic importance of plantation crops. Characteristics of plantation agriculture now that we know. They generate considerable foreign exchange earnings by way of export. Social impact and economic reach of food and agriculture. Plantation farming was a system of agriculture in which large farms in the american colonies used the enforced labor of slaves to plant and harvest cotton, rice. Among the most important crops found on plantations are cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber and tobacco. Large land areas are needed for this type of agriculture. Product of the plantation farming is totally dependent on international market. A matter of scale and perspective article pdf available in forestry chronicle 863 june 2010 with 4,359 reads. The scheme is proposed to bring about one lakh ha area under plantation, it is expected that about one lakh farmers would be directly benefitted in terms of the plantation. Negative or positive effects of plantation and intensive forestry on biodiversity. Economic importance of plantation crops export earnings. European settlers established plantations in africa, south america, the caribbean, and the american south. Oil palm malaysia pg 54 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.

Most estates have foreign ownership but the labour employed is local. The important features of this type of farming are a large capital investment, cheap labour, scientific methods of cultivation, large estates or plantations, managerial. Countries that have plantation agriculture usually experience high annual temperatures and receive high annual rainfall. Some of the important plantation crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm, sugarcane, bananas and pineapples. Deforestation destroys the local ecosystem as animals lose their habitat and is the cause of widespread flooding and landslides, which, on a macro level, increase global warming. The typical plantation was a selfsustained community, an economic and political institution governed with a monopoly of authority by the planter. Main products and byproducts not only have export prospects but also have considerable internal demand in several ancillary industry. Agriculture in africa has undergone fundamental change be cause of three factors. Social impact and economic reach of food and agriculture agriculture in virginia is historically and economically significant. Probably the single most important factor a plantation has on the local.

In the americas, plantations were organized and managed through the maintenance and enforcement of strict social codes steeped in a racial doctrine of white supremacy and black inferiority. Countries that have plantation agriculture usually experience tropical climate with high annual temperatures and receive high annual rainfall. Plantations and farm forestry department of agriculture. It is, therefore, one of the best examples of an exportoriented system. However, there are different opinions on the minimum size to qualify an undertaking as a plantation. It is a large farm with the cultivation of a limited number of cash crops, carried out using scientific and efficient methods. A plantation is an estate or a large piece of land in which a certain type of crop or plant is grown and processed.

The entrepreneurs inject substantial capital to the moribund, underdeveloped economy that converts it into a vibrant, dynamic economy. In africa, plantation crops include sugar, tea, cocoa, tobacco, cotton, rubber and grapevine. As population and spice crops have restricted geographical distribution, the possibility of expansion in the traditional areas is limited. Agriculture cbse class 10 sst geography extra questions. Kerala produces several plantation crops of which the most important are rubber, tea, coffee, coconuts, arecanuts and cocoa.

In fact, it was planted that first colonized the planet. Earning from export of plantation crops accounts to 27% of total agricultural commodities and 4. The rise of the plantation complex was both a major economic force in commercial agricultural production and a major social and socializing institution. Plantation crops occupy less than 3 per cent of the total cultivated area i. They thought that if the slaves were not human, then they could not be treated inhumanely. What are the characteristics of plantation agriculture. Brazil is a country that is endowed with vast agricultural resources. Importance of tree plantation is insisted upon right from our school days because planting trees is. Pdf negative or positive effects of plantation and. Plantation agriculture in the tropics environmental issues. The development of the plantation system west indies. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have sometimes contributed to determining where plantations are located. Plantation agriculture require that all species except 1 or 2 are eliminated. Biodiversity is a concept that values the larger number of species compared to the total number of species.